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Chapter 1

1. Sociology is defined as .
a. the study of past societies
b. the study of individuals and their personalities
c. the study of past cultures
d. the study of human behavior in society

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: Modified

2. Sociology is a/n discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic observations.
a. empirical
b. observational
c. common sense
d. rigorous

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANE.15 – 1.2
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

3. According to the sociological imagination, the current high numbers of college graduates moving back in with their families reflects:
a. individual choices.
b. social forces impacting private lives.
c. failed socialization
d. none of the above.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

4. George Simmel developed the concept of “critical distance,” which refers to .
a. being physically separate from one’s research subjects
b. being able to detach from the situation at hand to view things critically.
c. being a stranger in social groups.
d. being able to not participate in your own research.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 9
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE>ANDE.15 – 1.5
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

5. August Comte believed sociology could:
a. not solve social problems.
b. discover the laws of the natural world.
c. discover the laws of human nature
d. None of the above

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 13
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

6. August Comte is known for:
a. developing the first sociology program.
b. writing the first sociology textbook.
c. conducting the first sociological research.
d. coining the term “sociology.”

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 13
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

7. According to , scientific observation is viewed as the highest form of knowledge.
a. sociology
b. positivism
c. functionalism
d. sui generis

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 14
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

8. ‘s work is the basis for conflict theory.
a. Emile Durkheim b. George Simmel c. Karl Marx
d. Auguste Comte

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: REJOINER

9. Which of the following social theorists coined the term sui generis?
a. Marx
b. Weber
c. Durkheim
d. Comte

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 14
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

10. Which of the following is not a basic dimension of society, according to Max Weber?
a. Political
b. Economic
c. Cultural
d. Social

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 16
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

11. Weber defined verstehen as .
a. the multidimensionality of society.
b. understanding behavior to which people give meaning.
c. a constantly evolving organism.
d. a hands-off approach to understanding society.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 16
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

12. Which sociologist was a leader in the settlement house movement?
a. Max Weber b. Jane Addams c. Ida B. Wells d. Karl Marx

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

13. Robert Park
a. was interested in urban problems.
b. focused on immigrant workers. c. emphasized qualitative research. d. used a reform-based approach.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

14. Jane Addams is the only practicing sociologist to have won a .
a. Pulitzer Prize
b. Preston Award
c. Nobel Peace Prize
d. Fulbright Fellowship

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

15. W.E.B. DuBois was most interested in which of the following?
a. social justice
b. empiricism
c. discovering the laws of society
d. social stability

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 17
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

16. W.E.B. Du Bois wrote in 1901 that
a. “he who discriminates shatters the world.”
b. “the line between rich and poor is Black.”
c. “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line.”
d. “education is only available to those that can afford it.”

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 17
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

17. Durkheim, Marx, and Weber have which of the following in common?
a. They were all macrosociologists.
b. They were all qualitative researchers.
c. They all followed the Chicago School.
d. They all attended prestigious universities.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

18. Emile Durkheim’s work is the foundation for which major theoretical perspective?
a. Conflict theory
b. Symbolic interactionism
c. Functionalism
d. Feminism

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: REJOINER

19. Robert Merton suggested that human behavior has .
a. functions and dysfunctions
b. qualitative and quantitative components c. elements of conformity and individualism d. manifest functions and latent functions

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

20. Which of the following is not a criticism of functionalism?
a. Functionalism is inherently conservative, given its emphasis on stability.
b. Functionalism understates the roles of power and conflict in society.
c. Functionalism states that inequality is necessary for the equitable distribution of societal resources.
d. Functionalism overstates the role of individual behavior in social change.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: REJOINER

21. According to Karl Marx:
a. capitalism is built on the exploitation of workers.
b. capitalism is negotiated by cultural values.
c. capitalism involves racist oppression.
d. capitalism includes the domination of men over women

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 20
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

22. The sociological perspective focused on the positive role of social change is . a. functionalism.
b. conflict.
c. symbolic interactionism.
d. none of the above

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 19
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

23. According to Durkheim, during an economic crisis:
a. people will blame others for taking their jobs.
b. inequality will cause the rich to gain.
c. people will blame individuals, not the system, for failure.
d. none of the above.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 20
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

24. According to Marx, class conflict is:
a. embedded in the system of capitalism.
b. irrelevant to capitalism.
c. is caused by the working class.
d. is caused by the capitalist class

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 20
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: NEW

25. According to the text, the problem of the color line described by W.E.B. DuBois:
a. extends to the 21st century
b. ended with desegregation
c. ended at the turn of the 20th century
d. never existed

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 20
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
OTHER: NEW

26. According to feminist theory, prior to , women were largely absent from sociological research.
a. the Industrial Revolution
b. the Civil War
c. the second wave of feminism
d. World War II

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 21
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

27. Contemporary feminist scholarship has produced which of the following?
a. gender conflict between men and women
b. vital knowledge about women
c. conflict between workers and employers
d. all of the above

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 21
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

28. “Inequality is inevitable and functional for society.” This statement best represents which theoretical perspective?
a. Conflict theory
b. Feminism
c. Functionalism
d. Symbolic interactionism

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 21
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

29. “Individuals are subordinated to society.” This statement best represents which theoretical perspective?
a. Conflict theory
b. Feminism
c. Functionalism
d. Symbolic interactionism

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 22
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

30. Using a sociological perspective C. Wright Mills points out that unemployment is .
a. is a product of the environment.
b. related to the structure of society and social institutions.
c. only an individual problem.
d. none of the above.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 5
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

31. To study human behavior, sociologists use .
a. debunked myths b. empirical analysis c. media
d. common sense

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED

32. Sociology differs from media programs that feature human problems in that
a. the media are interested in individuals—sociologists are not.
b. sociologists use research techniques and theories that the media may not use to explain social issues.
c. sociologists do not study the types of problems that appear on television programs.
d. the media focuses on problem behavior, sociology does not.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

33. Sociologists believe that persistent problems in the U.S. are
a. largely the result of individual behavior.
b. caused by people with psychological problems.
c. embedded in society.
d. the consequence of free will

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.ANDE.15 – 2.3
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP