Test Bank for Social Psychology and Human Nature, Brief, 4th Edition

Description

You will receive this product immediate after placing the order

MULTIPLE CHOICE

;  In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett built a “competition machine,” in which children wind up a fishing reel. He found that the children were able to wind more quickly when ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Based on early research by Norman Triplett, we should expect that children who work on math problems alone will ____ than children who work on math problems side by side with their classmates.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise on rowing machines at gyms are more likely to ____ than people who exercise on the same machines in the privacy of their homes.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Max Ringelmann observed men as they pulled on a rope either alone, as part of a small group, or as part of a large group. He found that as the size of the group increased, ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Suppose that you own a rowboat and enjoy going rowing on a nearby lake in the summer. In June, you are planning to go rowing with two of your friends (three people total in the boat), and in July, you are planning to go rowing with just one friend (two people total in the boat). Will you put in more effort (row harder) on the three-person trip or on the two-person trip?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Given Max Ringelmann’s early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group rather than a two-person group?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;        NOTES: Modified

;  Early research in social psychology conducted by Max Ringelmann revealed that people ____ when they work as part of a group (, pushing a car off of the road with two other people) compared to when they work alone at the same task.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field. NOTES: Modified

;  The first social psychological experiments and the publication of the first book to bear the title Social Psychology both occurred around ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  During the first half of the 20th century, who argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Who proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  You want to ask your friend Maya to help you with your sorority’s float for the competition in the homecoming parade next week. Maya is extremely reliable and trustworthy, but she is totally swamped with her internship and upcoming midterm exams. You decide not to ask her since she might be too busy to follow through. According to Kurt Lewin’s analysis of human behavior, knowing that Maya is reliable is an example of “____” information, and knowing she is busy is an example of “____” information.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  In the history of psychology and social psychology, the late 1800s and early 1900s marked ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field. NOTES: Modified

;  When did social psychology begin to come into its own as a field?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;        NOTES: Modified

;  Milgram’s famous studies of obedience to authority were motivated by which historical event?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  Today, both funded and unfunded studies conducted at universities must first obtain ____ approval.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in ;

;  Which of the following elements is particularly critical to include in a deception study, but is not usually required in other types of studies?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

;  Dr. Puni does not want the participants in his study to be aware of his hypothesis. What will he strive to reduce in his study?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between two main theoretical camps: ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  The influence of Freudian psychoanalysis on psychology is most readily seen in ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field. NOTES: New

;  Behaviorism seeks to explain human behavior in terms of ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  How are social psychologists generally similar to behaviorists?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  Social psychologists are generally similar to Freudian psychoanalysts in that they both ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  While social psychologists are interested in a wide variety of topics, three themes that have become increasingly important during the last 30 years are ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology          KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                OBJ: : Define social psychology.

;  Which topic has been of the MOST interest to social psychologists during the last 30 years?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Define social psychology.

;  Following the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1989, social psychology’s focus on conflict ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Define social psychology.

;  Social psychology is best defined as the study of ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

MSC:  KEY: Bloom’s: Understand           OBJ: : Define social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  As a rule, social psychologists are MOST interested in ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Define social psychology.

;  In social psychology, the “ABC triad” consists of ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  In psychology, an “affect” is most similar to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Which of the following is an example of an “emotion”?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  When psychologists talk about “cognitions,” they are typically referring to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Which of the following is the best example of “cognition”?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Martin believes that his blue coat is warmer than his red coat. Ted thinks that he might want to have kids sometime in the next few years. Yesi remembers playing baseball with her friends as a child. These are all examples of ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;     When attempting to explain a person’s behavior, what do social psychologists tend to assess first?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Social psychology focuses especially on the power of ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Ed just stole $50 from his parents. In assessing Ed’s motives, which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Roger holds a number of negative stereotypes about women; specifically, he thinks that most women are manipulative, vain, and lazy. In trying to understand why Roger holds these stereotypes, which of the following questions would a social psychologist be MOST likely to ask?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Most social psychologists perform research by ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Which of the following fields is best defined as “the study of human culture—the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people”?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which of the following fields is MOST concerned with understanding different human cultures?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Anthropologists would posit that social psychologists cannot understand human behavior fully unless they understand the ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  The social psychological theory known as “social exchange theory” is based MOST obviously on which of the following other social sciences?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which of the following fields is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  With which of the following social sciences has social psychology had the LEAST interaction until recently?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Laela is interested in studying how our thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the groups to which we belong. Laela’s work will MOST closely intersect with which other social science?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Johnna is examining how attitudes predict voting behavior. Her research will MOST likely involve an intersection of social psychology and what other social science?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Political science is BEST described as the study of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which field is BEST defined as “the study of human societies and the groups that form those societies”?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of ;

;     Dr. Otten studies the relationship between crime rates and childrearing practices. Dr. Otten is MOST likely a(n) ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Although sociologists and social psychologists are both interested in group behavior, sociologists tend to focus on ____, whereas social psychologists tend to focus on ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  According to the simile in your text, if psychology is like a tree, then social psychology is like ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  What do we best call the field that combines the interests of social and biological psychology?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of ;

;  Which of the following fields is LEAST focused on what happens in the brain, nervous system, and other bodily processes?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

55. During the “Decade of the Brain” in the ____, social psychologists became particularly interested in the biological aspects of social behavior.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study. NOTES: Modified

;  How has the textbook described the historical relationship between clinical psychology and social psychology?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Within psychology, ____ typically focus on “abnormal” behavior (, mental disorders and behavioral disorders).

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Dr. Kay researches the effectiveness of different therapies for treating severe anxiety disorders. He is MOST likely a ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which branch of psychology is primarily concerned with thought processes (, how memory works and what people notice)?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;     In recent years, what has emerged as an important subfield of social psychology that explores the ways in which people think about social situations?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of ;

;  Which of the following topics would a cognitive psychologist be MOST likely to study?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which of the following topics is a personality psychologist MOST likely to study?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Until recently, what was the relationship between developmental and social psychology?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  The study of how people change across their lives from conception to death is the purview of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Dr. Gem studies individual differences in introversion (a trait similar to shyness). Dr. Gem is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Which of the following branches of psychology is MOST closely affiliated with social psychology?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  The top research journals in social psychology have substantial overlap, content-wise, with which of the following?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  In recent years, the line between social psychology and ____ has become especially blurred.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of ;

;  According to the textbook, what is one major reason people study social psychology?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  According to the textbook, the key distinction between philosophy and psychology is the fact that psychology ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  According to the textbook, psychology can be thought of as a kind of “experimental philosophy” because psychology ____ while relying on the experimental method.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Social scientists who focus on concrete problems—such as how to boost literacy rates in schools or how to increase energy conservation—are known as ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Dr. Hon is a researcher who studies methods for increasing condom usage among sexually active teens. Dr. Hon would probably be BEST described as a(n) ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Apply         OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Applied researchers are BEST defined as social scientists who ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Many areas of study in social psychology evoke a lot of passion from the researchers invested in that arena. Although doing research to make the world a better place is great motivation, one of the hazards of this motive is that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  When social psychologist Kurt Lewin said that “there is nothing so practical as a good theory,” he meant that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Which of the following would a basic researcher MOST LIKELY study?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Basic research is to applied research as ____ is to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Consider the following two American adages, which seem to contradict one another: “Birds of a feather flock together” and “opposites attract.” The authors of the textbook would probably say that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  According to the textbook, “common sense” theories about social psychology are ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  The scientific method used by social psychologists is ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  The first step in the scientific method is to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  As typically conceptualized, the scientific method consists of approximately ____ basic steps.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  Dr. Shar wants to test her theory that people feel less stressed after exercising. She measures students’ stress levels and then has them perform 30 minutes of moderate exercise on a treadmill. After the treadmill segment, she measures their stress levels again. This is an example of a(n) ____ design.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  “An idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but not yet proven” is known as a(n) ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  A hypothesis is BEST described as a(n) ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  What is a hypothesis?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Dr. Brown conducts an experiment to examine the effects of mentorship programs on children’s academic achievement. She finds that children who are given mentors receive significantly higher grades than children who are not. The result is statistically significant at the .05 level. What does this mean?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  In social psychology, researchers typically test hypotheses using the ____ confidence level.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  Social psychologists routinely test research hypotheses using the .05 level of significance. This means that so-called “significant” findings are actually “flukes” about ____ of the time.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  If a researcher tested 1000 people and found that women received significantly higher scores on the verbal portion of the SAT than did men, this would mean that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  According to the textbook, if you conduct a research study, write up all of the results in a paper, and submit the paper to a top academic journal, you have a ____ chance of getting your paper published in one of the best social psychology journals.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  Social psychologists typically derive ____ based on ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  If you conduct a study and predict that X causes Y, then X is the ____ variable.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  If you conduct a study and predict that A causes B, then B is the ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Dr. Khanmohamed is conducting a research project with young children to examine the effect of the exposure to different cultural groups on the development of empathy. The independent variable in this research is ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Dr. Tsuei is studying the effects of sleep deprivation on interpersonal skills. He is testing the interpersonal skills of 20-25 year-old males who have been sleep deprived for 24 hours, 36 hours, or 48 hours. In this study, the dependent variable is the ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Suppose that you conducted an experiment to test the effects of violence in TV shows on the aggressiveness in children. The dependent variable in this study would be ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Which of the following would be the BEST operational definition for tiredness?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  In the context of research, an operational definition of a variable is a precise description of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Suppose that you are conducting an experiment to see whether receiving negative feedback from an authority figure will increase eating behavior. After writing an essay, half of your research participants are given negative feedback from a professor, and half are given encouraging feedback. All participants are then placed in a room with a large container of cookies and their eating behavior is observed. In this study, an operational definition for the dependent variable might be ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  A(n) ____ is someone who works for a researcher by serving as an “actor” in the research (, pretending to be another research participant, and being mean to other research participants in order to see how participants respond to meanness).

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

;  In psychology, the word “confederate” is used to refer to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in ;

;  In one well-known social psychological study, research participants were asked to make very easy perceptual judgments (“Is Line A longer than Line B?”). The catch was that they were asked to do this while sitting around a table with people who continually gave incorrect responses—people who appeared to be other regular research participants. In reality, however, the other people at the table were not real participants at all; they were actually actors who were working for the experimenter and just posing as participants. The question in this research was whether or not the real research participant would conform to the group’s opinion (even though the group’s opinion was obviously wrong) or whether the real participant would stick to the right answer. In psychological jargon, the “actors” in this study would be referred to as ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

;  Suppose that you are working as a research assistant for a social psychologist. To assist her with a research study, the social psychologist asks you to stand in a laboratory waiting room with research participants, act as though you are a research participant yourself, and then pretend to have an epileptic seizure. (The social psychologist is interested in how many people will try to help you.) In other words, your task is to be a ____ in the research.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

;  Dr. Zink and Dr. Vasquez are designing a new study. They have come up with a good hypothesis for the study, but they are having trouble thinking of operational definitions for their variables. In other words, they are concerned that their research might be low in ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:    How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions? KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Suppose that you are planning to conduct a study to look at the effect of pet ownership on empathy, but that you cannot find any good measures of empathy (all of the measures that you find seem to fall short of your understanding of what empathy is, or to miss the mark completely). Unless you can find a measure that you are satisfied with, your research may end up being low in ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  If a researcher conducts an experiment in which the independent variable is poorly defined (, has a poor operational definition), then the experiment can be said to have ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  True experiments have two key features that make them different from other studies. First, in a true experiment, the researcher manipulates (varies) one or more independent variables. Second, the researcher makes use of _____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;              Dr. Taylor is conducting a study to test the effect of a new drug on people’s ability to concentrate at work. His research sample consists of 100 US adults. During a 14-week period, half of the sample is administered the drug and the other half is administered a placebo, and participants’ concentration abilities are continually tracked. In the context of this study, if Dr. Taylor uses random assignment, it means that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Dr. Pow is interested in whether exposure to TV advertisements has a different impact on girls’ self-image than it does on boys’ self-image. To examine this question, she conducts a quasi-experiment. Why doesn’t Dr. Pow conduct a true experiment instead?

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Researchers tend to use quasi-experimental research designs when they are able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  A study is said to have internal validity if the researcher can be relatively confident that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  In a ____, the researcher is able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to use random assignment.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  What is the main advantage of an experiment over a correlational study?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Which of the following research designs allows researchers the MOST control over the variables they are studying?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  If a study is high in internal validity, then the researcher can be fairly certain that changes in the ____ were indeed due to changes in the ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When a researcher conducts an experiment and is fairly certain that changes in the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable, that experiment is said to be high in ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Suppose that a cereal manufacturer tried out a new cereal box design for a few months, and—during the same time period—notices that its sales have tripled. One of the cereal executives, Mr. Correl, boasts that the new cereal box must have sparked the increase in sales. But another executive, Mr. Scien, points out that the increase could be due to the new advertising campaign that the company is using, or to new distribution practices that have taken hold, or to the fact that more and more people are eating cereal these days. That is, Mr. Scien suggests that the company’s “test” of the new cereal box design is low in ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Jackson is interested in the effects of violent movies on aggressive behavior. He has some participants in his study watch Grand Torino (his “violent” movie) and others watch Marley and Me (his “nonviolent” movie). Unfortunately, in addition to these movies being very different in their violence level, they also differ in a lot of other ways (one is a comedy, the other isn’t, and so forth). This means that Jackson’s study has a ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When the effects of two variables cannot be separated, ____ has been said to occur.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Using more than one exemplar of a stimulus (such as more than one violent video game in a study investigating violent video content on aggression) is known as ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Research studies that withhold information from participants or intentionally mislead them about the purpose of the study are referred to as ____ studies.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                  OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular. NOTES: New

;  After participants have been deliberately deceived in an experiment, ethical standards require that they be ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular. NOTES: New

;  The purposes of the oral or written statement participants receive at the end of a psychological study include _____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                  OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

;  Almost all research requires that researchers provide participants with a(n) ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular. NOTES: New

;  In the ____, medical doctors from the Public Health Service studied the natural progression of untreated syphilis in rural African American men who thought they were receiving free health care from the government from 1932-1972.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular. NOTES: New

;  Today, ____ studies conducted at universities must first obtain institutional review board approval.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

OBJ: : Analyze the ethical issues associated with psychological research in general and social psychological research in particular.

NOTES: New

;  Suppose that a researcher asked you to answer a series of incredibly personal questions about your sexual life. You might (justifiably) feel annoyed and intruded upon, and find yourself being rude to the researcher, or even purposely giving the researcher incorrect information. Your response would be an example of ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  The term “reactance” is used to refer to the tendency for people to ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  In which of the following situations would Igor be MOST likely to experience reactance?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When experiments are conducted outside of the laboratory, in real-world settings, they are called ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Can correlational studies or experiments ever be conducted outside of the laboratory?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Suppose that a researcher decided to study everyday altruism towards men versus towards women by leaving (fake) fully addressed college applications in airport lobbies (identical except with male versus female applicant names), and then tracking the number of people who send in the application. What kind of study of this?

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Researchers often attempt to design studies that will be high in both experimental realism and mundane realism. However, ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  If an experiment gets participants psychologically involved and engaged, but the setting does not resemble the real world, then the experiment would be said to be ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  If an experiment does NOT get participants psychologically involved and engaged, even though the setting of the experiment closely resembles the real world physically, then the experiment would be said to be ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Suppose that you are a research participant in a laboratory study that is looking at fear and social support. The researcher shows you an extremely scary movie and then asks you whether you feel like talking to anyone (and if so, who) once the movie is over. Although you are in a laboratory setting the whole time, which does not resemble “real life” at all, you become engrossed in the procedures of the study and almost forget that you are in a study. Thus, in your experience, this study is ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Compared to laboratory experiments, field experiments tend to be ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When findings from a study are likely to generalize to other people and other settings, the study is said to have ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  If a study is high in external validity, then ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Zhao’s research interest is to determine if poverty causes one to be more politically liberal. However, he cannot randomly assign people to conditions of poverty versus wealth because (aside from the practical difficulty) it would be unethical to do so. Zhao will have to ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Dr. Hurtado and Dr. Yashari have recently conducted a study and found a positive correlation between music-listening and dancing ability: People who listen to lots of music tend to be excellent dancers. The correlation is statistically significant. Can they conclude that listening to music causes people to be better dancers? Why or why not?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  If you know that achievement is positively correlated with life satisfaction, then you can conclude that ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  There is a moderately strong, positive relationship between different forms of prejudice: People who are prejudiced against Group X also tend to be prejudiced against Group Y. Given this information, we should expect the correlation between anti-Jewish prejudice and anti-Asian prejudice to be about ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Psychologists typically use a statistic called ____ to denote the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Correlation coefficients are statistics used to denote ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;         NOTES: Modified

;  Suppose that there is a perfect negative correlation between the amount of money that Jane spends and the amount of money that she has in her bank account: for every dollar that she spends, she has exactly one less dollar in her bank account (assuming no interest, fees, or credits). Thus the correlation between Jane’s spending and savings can be represented as ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When there is no relationship between two variables, the correlation coefficient is ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Correlation coefficients are used to describe the relationship between two variables. They are usually denoted using the letter ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  A correlation coefficient communicates two pieces of information about the relationship between two variables: The ____ communicates the direction of the relationship, and the ____ communicates the strength of the relationship.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  The main weakness with correlational research (as opposed to experimental research) is that ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Compared to true experiments, MOST correlational studies are low in ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Suppose that you are interested in knowing whether there are gender differences in suicide (, whether one gender commits suicide more frequently than the other). The only way to study this precise question would be to conduct ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  A literature review that averages together the statistical results from different studies conducted on the same topic is called a ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Mirena wants is interested in the effects of gender on aggression. She collects all the studies she can find that have been conducted on this topic, and averages their results to generate a big picture of what the findings in that area reveal. Mirena has conducted a ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  You notice a headline that proclaims that over 68% of convicted male rapists viewed pornography before the age of 17. What can you conclude from this?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze                      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  The Literary Digest poll that predicted Alf Landon would resoundingly win the presidential election when, in fact, Franklin Roosevelt won, was flawed by ____.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze                      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Polls that use large random samples yield very accurate predictions. Since 1936, Gallup poll results taken just before National election days have diverged from actual election results by an average of only about _____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  In survey research, the total number of people under consideration is called the ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

NOTES: New

;  A random sample of 1,200 can give results that are ____ accurate.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

NOTES: New

;  The margin of error of a poll is a measure of the amount of ____ in a survey’s results.

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  Reliability is to ____ as validity is to ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  The measure of the amount of random sampling error in a survey’s result is known as ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

; Which of the following would constitute the BEST random sample of a university population?

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  The textbook discusses the “self-correcting nature of science” as it applies to social psychology. The idea here is that, over time, erroneous conclusions are revised appropriately, because ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

NOTES: Modified

;  Replication refers to ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Replication is an important part of ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  MOST research in social psychology is based on ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Research on the ways in which college students differ from others has found that college students ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  Your textbook and the study of social psychology is based on the assumption that ____.

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  Suppose that you are conducting a research project for a social psychology class. Due to the fact that you have no budget for the research, you are forced to rely on a college student population. How big of a problem is this in terms of your ability to later generalize your findings to other groups of people?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: Modified

;  Most research in social psychology is based on Western European and Northern American samples, though some research has also been conducted in other areas of the world. Based on what is known to date, it appears to be reasonably safe to generalize social psychological research findings to the vast majority of ____.

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Most social psychological research has been conducted in the and a few very similar nations. According to the textbook, how well do findings generalize to other cultures?

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  MOST social psychological research has been conducted in ____.

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

TRUE/FALSE

;  When people work on a task jointly with someone else (, putting together a large bookcase), each person tends to put in less effort than he or she would if working alone.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  Social psychology was in existence as a distinct field roughly 100 years before Freudian psychoanalysis.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  Social psychology primarily relies on the experimental method.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  The “ABC triad” in social psychology refers to social psychology’s focus on attribution, behavior, and culture, respectively.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social ;

;  Social psychology has been more influenced by the study of history than by any other social science.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Neuroscience integrates the fields of social psychology and biological psychology.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  According to the textbook, human intuition is typically an excellent guide to understanding human behavior.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Social psychologists usually derive their hypotheses from existing theories.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Researchers usually test their hypotheses at the .05 level of significance.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Random assignment is one of the defining features of correlational research.

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  The two defining features of an experiment are control and random assignment.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  If the effects of two variables cannot be separated from each other, the variables are said to be confounded.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Apply             OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  The term “experimental realism” refers to whether the physical setting of a research study resembles the “real world.”

ANS:  F                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?   KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social ;

;  Replication is essential to the self-correcting nature of science.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Most contemporary research in social psychology is based on college student samples.

ANS:  T                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

COMPLETION

;  When people work on a task jointly with someone else (, putting together a large bookcase), each person tends to put in ____________________ effort than he or she would if working alone.

ANS:  less

DIF:    Easy               REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology       KEY: Bloom’s: Apply OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the ;

;  The school of thought known as ____________________ seeks to explain human behavior in terms of learning principles such as rewards and punishments.

ANS:  behaviorism

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology       KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  In social psychology, the “ABC triad” refers to ____________________, ____________________, and____________________.

ANS:  affects behaviors cognitions

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?           KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  The study of human culture—the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people—is known as ____________________.

ANS:  anthropology

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World     KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of ;

;  Social psychology has been LEAST influenced by the branch of psychology known as ____________________ psychology until recently.

ANS:  developmental

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World     KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  What separates psychology from philosophy is psychology’s emphasis on the ____________________.

ANS:  scientific method

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology       KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  In social psychology, the notation “p <.05? signifies ____________________.

ANS:  statistical significance

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  If you conduct a study and predict that excessive computer use causes social awkwardness, then social awkwardness is the ____________________ variable.

ANS:  dependent

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  A person who is secretly working for an experimenter to help create a particular situation is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS:  confederate

DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  By exercising ____________________, the researcher tries to make sure that any differences observed on the dependent variable were caused by the independent variable and not by other factors.

ANS:  experimental control

DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology. NOTES: New

;  Suppose that you participate in an experiment that is designed to examine the effects of sadness on creativity. Even though the sadness manipulation used by the experimenters is very artificial, you nonetheless experience deep sadness during the study. Thus, the study was apparently high in ____________________.

ANS:  experimental realism

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  When a researcher conducts an experiment, and is fairly certain that changes in the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable, that experiment is said to be high in ____________________.

ANS:  internal validity

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  True experiments have two key features that make them different from other studies. First, in a true experiment, the researcher manipulates (varies) one or more independent variables. Second, the researcher makes use of ____________________.

ANS:  random assignment

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  As discussed in the textbook, the main weakness with correlational research (as opposed to experimental research) is that the researcher cannot draw conclusions about ____________________.

ANS:  cause and effect

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                 OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Repeating an experiment is called ____________________.

ANS:  replication

DIF:    Easy               REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?            KEY: Bloom’s: Remember      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

ESSAY

;  During the era in which social psychology was emerging as a discipline, it was caught between two opposing camps: behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis. Explain how social psychology did not fit neatly into either of those camps, and how it ultimately integrated features from both as it emerged as an independent field.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   A Brief History of Social Psychology       KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Name the early influences and key ideas that had a lasting influence on the field.

;  Describe the ABC triad and give examples of each component with respect to the experience of falling in love.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   What Do Social Psychologists Do?           KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the ABC triad of social psychology.

;  Compare and contrast social psychology with two other branches of psychology (, cognitive psychology, personality psychology).

ANS:

DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World     KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Compare and contrast social psychology with two related fields outside of psychology (, sociology, anthropology).

ANS:

DIF:    Easy               REF:   Social Psychology’s Place in the World     KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Explain how social psychology relates to other fields of study.

;  Explain the difference between applied and basic research.

ANS:

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   Why People Study Social Psychology       KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.

;  Outline the scientific method, describing each of the different steps involved.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Remember OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific ;

;  Compare and contrast the experimental method with the correlational method. How do these two approaches differ, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

ANS:

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Explain the difference between reliability and validity.

ANS:

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Do Social Psychologists Answer Their Own Questions?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                                                       OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  According to the textbook, is most social psychological research high in external validity? Why or why not? How big of a problem is cultural relativity for social psychology as a field, and what steps are researchers taking to address it?

ANS:

DIF:    Difficult         REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?            KEY: Bloom’s: Understand     OBJ: : Assess the different methods of data collection in social psychology.

;  Explain the self-correcting nature of science.

ANS:

DIF:    Moderate        REF:   How Much of Social Psychology Is True?

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand                      OBJ: : Describe the components and steps of the scientific method.